When it comes to gardening, there’s a prevailing mindset that plants are the focus—after all, they’re the ones that bear the flowers, fruit, and greenery we cherish. However, over the years, I’ve come to realise that the true key to a thriving garden lies not in the plants themselves, but in the soil beneath them. Healthy soil is the silent partner in every garden’s success, providing the essential foundation for plant health, nutrient density, and overall garden vitality. The message I always share with fellow gardeners is this: feed the soil, not the plants.
The philosophy of growing soil might seem a bit backwards at first, but it is through nurturing the soil that we ultimately provide plants with everything they need to flourish. Think of the soil as the heart of the garden—rich in essential nutrients, diverse microorganisms, and the structure required to support healthy plant growth. In the same way that we must care for our own health to feel and perform our best, soil health is integral to a garden’s success.
The Backbone of Soil Health: Structure and Beneficial Microorganisms
A healthy garden starts with healthy soil. The structure of the soil dictates how well water, air, and nutrients are retained and made available to plants. It’s not just about the nutrients that exist in the soil, but also the way those nutrients interact with the roots. Soil rich in organic matter provides a more balanced and thriving environment for plant roots to access minerals, water, and air.
The richness of soil goes far beyond its mineral content. Beneath the surface, a vibrant community of beneficial microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and earthworms work tirelessly to break down organic matter, making nutrients available to plants in a natural and sustainable way. These microorganisms also enhance soil structure, improve water retention, and boost plant resilience. In fact, many plants are able to access the nutrients they need only because of the interaction between their roots and these beneficial organisms.
The concept of growing soil essentially means fostering this community of life—encouraging the soil’s microbiome to thrive, which in turn supports the plants. This approach is central to the notion that we must feed the soil, not the plants. When you focus on soil health, you’re not just adding fertiliser to make plants grow faster; you’re creating an ecosystem where plants can take up nutrients as nature intended, resulting in healthier, more nutrient-dense produce.
Why Soil Health Matters: A Holistic Approach to Gardening
Soil health affects everything—from the growth of plants to the flavour of your vegetables. If your soil is well-nourished and full of life, your plants will thrive without the need for synthetic chemicals or constant fertilisation. Nutrient density, particularly in food crops, directly correlates with the health of the soil. If the soil lacks the proper minerals and microorganisms, plants struggle to absorb nutrients, and the result is less flavourful and less nutritious produce.
A good example of this is the way we see our food garden versus ornamental or lawn-based gardens. While all gardens benefit from good soil, vegetable gardens—where you’re looking to maximise yield and nutrient density—particularly rely on the richness of the soil to deliver the nutrition you need from your harvest. The more diverse and active the soil ecosystem, the better the flavour, the more vibrant the colours, and the higher the nutritional content.
How to Grow Soil
There are a number of practices I follow to build and maintain healthy soil in the garden, ensuring it remains the foundation for plant growth.
One of the simplest and most effective methods is the no-dig approach, which aligns perfectly with my philosophy of minimal disruption. Digging and tilling can harm the soil’s delicate structure, disrupt beneficial organisms, and lead to erosion and compaction over time. No-dig gardening allows the soil’s ecosystem to flourish undisturbed, creating a healthy, living environment for plants.
In a no-dig garden, organic matter such as compost, mulch, or even lawn clippings are added to the top of the soil, where they break down slowly, feeding the microorganisms and enriching the soil with vital nutrients.
Over time, these additions form a fertile layer that not only nurtures plant life but also improves water retention and prevents soil erosion. This method also saves time and energy while giving you more space to focus on growing your garden’s beauty and abundance.
Another crucial practice in growing soil is crop rotation, which helps prevent soil depletion. By rotating what you grow in different areas each year, you prevent any one set of nutrients from being overused and ensure that your soil remains balanced. Including deep-rooted plants like legumes (peas and beans) can also help to fix nitrogen in the soil, while other crops will absorb different minerals, keeping the soil in good health.
If you want to further enhance soil health, consider planting green manure crops. Varieties such as clover, mustard, or fava beans are ideal for enriching the soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, particularly nitrogen. These fast-growing plants are typically cut down before they flower and can be left to decompose on the surface, where they slowly break down and return vital nutrients to the soil. This natural process not only boosts fertility but also improves soil structure, enhancing water retention and aeration. Green manure crops help increase microbial activity and add valuable organic matter, supporting a healthy, balanced soil ecosystem that benefits plant growth for the long term. It’s a technique I’ve had huge success with when it comes to promoting good soil structure, especially in heavy soils.
A Sustainable Approach to Soil
Ultimately, soil is the unsung hero of every successful garden. By understanding that it is the soil we’re growing, not just the plants, we tap into a much more sustainable and rewarding approach to gardening.
Matthew Evans, in his book Soil, strongly advocates for seeing soil as a living, dynamic system that needs to be nurtured with organic matter, minimal disturbance, and biodiversity. His philosophy encourages gardeners to grow their soil first, which will naturally lead to healthy, thriving plants and a more sustainable gardening practice. For further insight into Evans’ approach, his book Soil is an excellent resource.
By shifting our focus to nourishing the soil—through practices such as no-dig gardening, crop rotation, composting, and cover cropping—we create a lasting, fertile foundation that will support vibrant, nutrient-dense plants for years to come. Soil health isn’t just about feeding plants; it’s about fostering a thriving ecosystem that supports life, enriches the environment, and ultimately helps you grow a healthier, more resilient garden.
Take a moment to pause, observe, and appreciate the incredible life happening beneath your feet. In doing so, you’ll begin to understand the profound impact that soil health has on your garden’s success. After all, a garden begins with the soil—and so does its true potential.
Further Reading and Resources
• Matthew Evans’ Soil - An in-depth exploration of soil health, its role in sustainable gardening, and practical advice on building vibrant, living soil ecosystems.
• YouTube Video: “Growing and Nurturing Soil Health” - Watch Matthew Evans’ conversation with Nick Ritar of Milkwood that further delves into the importance of soil health for creating sustainable, thriving gardens. Watch it here.